T. Mayer

15.6N

29.1W

33

Johann Tobias ~ (1723-1762), German astronomer, cartographer and mathematician; first to determine the libration of the Moon.

Tacchini

4.9N

85.8E

40

Pietro ~ (1838-1905), Italian astronomer; director of the observatories at Modena, Palermo and the Collegio Romano.

Tacitus

16.2S

19.0E

39

Cornelius ~ (c. 55-120?), Roman politician, philosopher and historian.

Tacquet

16.6N

19.2E

7

André ~, S.J. (1612-1660), Belgian Jesuit and mathematician; his work helped pave that way for the discovery of the calculus.

Taizo

16.6N

19.2E

6

Japanese male name.

Talbot

2.5S

85.3E

11

William Henry Fox ~ (1800-1877), British astronomer, photographer, physicist and archaeologist; a close friend of John Herschel (q.v.), he wrote papers on elliptic integrals, published the first book illustrated with photographs, was one of the first to translate the cuneiform writing from Nineveh, was an elected member of Parliament and lectured on the optical phenomena of crystals.

Tamm

4.4S

146.4E

38

Igor Yevgenyevich ~ (1895-1971), Soviet physicist; awarded the 1958 Nobel Prize in physics for his research into the "general characteristics of radiation emitted by systems moving with super-light velocities with some applications to plasma physics."

Tannerus

56.4S

22.0E

28

Adam Tanner, or ~ (1571-1632), Austrian Jesuit theologian and educator; shaped many of the tenets of Catholic theology during his era. While at the University of Vienna, he published his greatest work, "Universa theologia scholastica" (1626-27), and was later appointed as chancellor of the University of Prague by Ferdinand II.

Taruntius
or Tarutius

5.6N

46.5E

56

Lucius Tarutius Firmanus, or Firman Lucii Tarucii, or ~ (?-fl. 86 B.C.), Roman philosopher, mathematician and chronologer; computed the founding date of Rome as 21 April 753 B.C. to the position of the celestial bodies for that date: "Jupiter in Pisces; Saturn, Venus, Mars and Mercury in Scorpius; the Sun in Taurus; and the Moon in Libra." (N.B., The crater designation, "Taruntius," dates to Riccioli's misspelling of Tarutius.)

Tasso

0.7S

92.0E

52

Torquato ~ (1544-1595), Italian poet and playwright; considered the greatest of his country's poets of the late Renaissance. Best remembered for his masterpiece La Gerusalemme Liberata (Jerusalem Delivered, 1575). Among Tasso's other works are some 2000 short poems, sonnets and madrigals.

Taylor

5.3S

16.7E

42

Brook ~ (1685-1731), British mathematician; wrote on the mathematical theory of perspective, as well as magnetism, capillary actions, thermometers and calculus. He invented the method for expanding functions in terms of polynomials about an arbitrary point known as the Taylor Series, which he published in Methodus in crementorum directa et inversa (1715).

Tebbutt

9.6N

53.6E

31

John ~ (1834-1916), Australian astronomer and meteorologist; discovered the Great Comet of 1861 (later named Comet Tebbutt II 1861). Elected the first president of the New South Wales branch of the British Astronomical Association (1895). Constructed the first of several observatories on the family property at the "Peninsula," Windsor (1863), later improved with a substantial brick observatory and library building (1879). During his life, he published more than 370 articles, booklets, reports and journals, and also regularly kept rainfall and flood level statistics for his home region.

Teisserenc

32.2N

135.9W

62

Leon-Philippe ~ de Bort (1855-1913), French meteorologist; made nearly 600 unmanned balloon soundings between 1898 and 1904, obtaining temperature profiles to an altitude of approximately 14 km. Based on the temperature profiles from these soundings, he identified an upper level inversion, thereby confirming the existence of an atmospheric layer that he called the "stratosphere." (Source: Hopkins, "Balloons as Upper Air Probes")

Tempel

3.9N

11.9E

45

Ernst Wilhelm Leberecht ~ (1821-1889), German lithographer and astronomer; while working at the observatories at Marseille (beginning in 1860), Brera (Milan, 1871) and Arcetri (1874), he discovered numerous nubelae, including the Merope Nebula (NGC 1435) in the Pleiades on 19 October 1859. A total of 156 NGC entries are attributed to Tempel, of which 123 are deep sky objects. He is also credited with 13 original comet discoveries and five independent co-discoveries, as well as eight first rediscoveries of periodic comets. His original independent discoveries include four short-periodic comets.

ten Bruggencate

9.5S

134.4E

59

Dr. Paul ~ (1901-1961), German astronomer and physicist; director of Observatory Greifswald. Directed the construction of the observatory at Hainberg (1941) in order to study solar activity.

Tereshkova

28.4N

144.3E

31

Valentina Vladimirovna ~ (1937- ); Russian cosmonaut; on 16 June 1963, she was launched into orbit aboard the Soviet spacecraft Vostok 6, making 45 revolutions around the Earth in a nearly 71-hour flight, becoming the first woman in space.

Tesla

38.5N

124.7E

43

Nikola ~ (1856-1943), Serbian-American inventor, electrical engineer, and scientist; the telephone repeater, rotating magnetic field principle, polyphase alternating-current system, induction motor, alternating-current power transmission, Tesla coil transformer, wireless communication, radio, fluorescent lights, and more than 700 other patents are among the inventions credited at least in part to him.

Thales

61.8N

50.3E

31

~ Of Miletos; Greek mathematician, astronomer and philosopher; asserted that a physical element, water, was the first principle of all things. Considered the founder of the school of Ionic physical philosophy, also credited with introducing the knowledge of geometry into Greece.

Theaetetus

37.0N

6.0E

24

~ (c. 417 B.C.-c. 369 B.C.), Greek geometrician; his work on irrational lengths, thought by many to be the finest work included in Euclid's Elements, is paramount among his many contributions to mathematics.

Thebit

22.0S

4.0W

56

Abu-l-Hasan Sabit ibn Kurra al-Harrani as-Sabi', or Thabit (or ~) ben Korra (826-901), Iraqi astronomer.

Theiler

13.4N

83.3E

7

Max ~ (1899-1972), South African bacteriologist; awarded the 1951 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his development of a vaccine against yellow fever.

Theon Junior

2.3S

15.8E

17

~ Of Alexandria (c. 335?-c. 405?), Greek mathematician and astronomer; son of Theon Of Smyrna (q.v.).

Theon Senior

0.8S

15.4E

18

~ Of Smyrna (c. 70?-c. 135?), Greek mathematician, philosopher and astronomer; father of Theon Of Alexandria (q.v.).

Theophilus

11.4S

26.4E

110

~ (385-412), Greek astronomer, Patriarch of Alexandria and Bishop of Antioch.

Theophrastus

17.5N

39.0E

9

~ (c. 371 B.C.- c. 287 B.C.), Greek philosopher of the Peripatetic school, botanist and natural historian; favorite pupil of Aristotle, who named him his successor in leadership of the Lyceum, and bequeathed to him his library and manuscripts of his own writings.

Thiel

40.7N

134.5W

32

Walter ~ (1910-1943), German rocketry engineer; in charge of rocket engine development during World War II under Wernher Von Braun (q.v.). Killed in the first British air raid on Peenemunde in October 1943.

Thiessen

75.4N

169.0W

66

E. ~ (1914-1961), German astronomer;
Also Reinhardt ~ (1867-1938), pioneering coal petrologist and stratigraphic palynologist; devised the Thiessen polygon method of weighted averages.

Thomson

32.7S

166.2E

117

Sir Joseph John ~ (1856-1940), British physicist; awarded the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics "in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases." His son, Sir George Paget Thomson (1892-1975), was awarded the 1937 Nobel Prize in Physics with Clinton Joseph Davisson "for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals."

Tikhomirov

25.2N

162.0E

65

Nikolaj I. ~ (1860-1930), Soviet chemical engineer.

Tikhov

62.3N

171.7E

83

Gavriil Adrianovich ~ (1875-1960), Soviet astrophysicist and astrobiologist, born in Belarus; originated the idea of the "feathering spectrograph" in astrophotography. Developed a number of new instruments for celestial observation and helped establish some of the central principles of practical photographic photometry.

Tiling

53.1S

132.6W

38

Reinhold K. ~ (1893-1933), German rocketry scientist; built the first German postal rocket (1931), which flew a demonstration flight at Lake Dummer near Deelingen. His experiments used solid fuels such as gunpowder. On 10 October 1933, Tiling and two co-workers were killed after a powder explosion in his laboratory.

Timaeus

62.8N

0.5W

32

~, Plato's renowned work (c. 400 B.C.) describes a cosmogony using both the powers of 2 (left line) and the powers of 3 (right line).

Timiryazev

5.5S

147.0W

53

Kliment Arkadyevich ~ (1843-1920), Russian botanist, physiologist; founded a faculty of vegetable physiology and a laboratory at the Petrov Academy. Also wrote more than 50 publications, including the well-known book "Vegetable Life." The Timiryazev Academy of Agriculture and Horse-Breeding Museum at Petrov is named in his honor.

Timocharis

26.7N

13.1W

33

~ (ca. 200 BC), Greek philosopher and astronomer; with Aristillus, prepared the first true star catalog in the third century B.C.

Tiselius

7.0N

176.5E

53

Arne Wilhelm Kaurin ~ (1902-1971), Swedish biochemist; awarded the 1948 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins."

Tisserand

21.4N

48.2E

36

François-Félix ~ (1845-1896), French astronomer; director of the observatories at Toulouse (1873-1892) and Paris (1892-1896). Advanced the science of celestial mechanics by extending the Traité de Mécanique de Céleste of Pierre-Simon Laplace (q.v.).

Titius

26.8S

100.7E

73

Johann D. ~ (1729-1796), German astronomer; discovered a numerical relationship describing the relative distances of the then-known planets from the sun. Another German astronomer, Johann Bode (q.v.), popularized the relationship and became associated with it. It is often called Bode's law; occasionally, the Titius-Bode law.

Titov

28.6N

150.5E

31

German Stepanovich ~ (1935-2000), Soviet cosmonaut; piloting Vostok 2 in August 1961, he became the second man in space.

Tolansky

9.5S

16.0W

13

Samuel ~ (1907-1973), British physicist and educator; analyzed spectra to investigate nuclear spin and magnetic and quadrupole moments. Ascertained the spin of Uranium-235, the isotope capable of fission in a nuclear chain reaction.

Tolstoy

4.2S

93.3E

52

Leo Nikolaevich ~ (1828-1910), Russian author; his War and Peace and Anna Karenina are considered two of the greatest works of literature.

Torricelli

4.6S

28.5E

22

Evangelista ~ (1608-1647), Italian physicist; secretary and companion of Galileo during the last three months of his life. Constructed the first mercury barometer. Also developed the concepts of momentum and impetus, and solved Fermat's triangle problem ("the Torricelli point").

Toscanelli

27.4N

47.5W

7

Paolo Dal Pozzo ~ (1397-1482), Italian physician, cartographer, cosmographer and mathematician; it is believed that his map of the world was used by Columbus on the 1492 voyage to America.

Townley

3.4N

63.3E

18

Sidney Dean ~ (1867-1946), American astronomer.

Tralles

28.4N

52.8E

43

Johann Georg ~ (1763-1822), German physicist and educator.

Triesnecker

4.2N

3.6E

26

Franz von Paula ~, or Francis a Paula ~ (1745-1817), Austrian Jesuit mathematician, geographer, astronomer and educator; succeeded Father Max Hell (q.v.) as director of the Vienna Observatory; later oversaw construction of the "New Observatory" at Vienna. Determined or corrected the longitude and latitude of various places from the best available data, and completed Metzburg's triangulation of lower Austria, using it as a basis for the production of a new map of that country.

Trouvelot

49.3N

5.8E

9

Étienne Léopold ~ (1827-1895), French artist, entomologist and astronomer; became famous for his illustrations of astronomical details of the sun and of Venus, which led him to a faculty position at Harvard University in Astronomy.

Trumpler

29.3N

167.1E

77

Robert Julius ~ (1866-1956), Swiss-born American astronomer; moved to the US in 1915 and worked at the Lick Observatory, where while observing a solar eclipse, he was able to confirm Einstein's theory of relativity (1922). Made extensive studies of galactic star clusters, and demonstrated the presence throughout the galactic plane of interstellar material that absorbs light (1930). Reduced and corrected Shapley's determination of the distance to the center of the Milky Way to be 30,000 light-years from Earth.

Tsander

6.2N

149.3W

181

Friedrich A.; Soviet rocketry scientist (1887-1933); with Konstantin Tsiokolvskiy (q.v.), published the first formal description of the concept of "lightsail" spacecraft (1924).

Tseraskiy
or Tseraskii

49.0S

141.6E

56

Vitol'd Karlovic Ceraskij, or Cerasky, or ~ (1849-1925), Polish-born Russian physicist, astronomer and educator.

Tsinger

56.7N

175.6E

44

Nikolai Yakovlevich ~ (1842-1918), Russian astronomer and land surveyor.

Tsiolkovskiy
or Tsiolkovskii

21.2 S

128.9E

185

Konstantin E. ~ (1857-1935), Soviet astrophysicist and educator; considered the Father of Astronautics, his Investigating Space with Rocket Devices, published in the late 1800s, described many of the principles of modern space flight and described in detail the use of rockets for launching orbital space ships. Among his ideas were the use of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen as rocket fuel, and multi-stage rocket design for achieving interplanetary flight.

Tsu Ch'ung Chi

17.3N

145.1E

28

~ (430-501), Chinese mathematician and mathematician; He gave the rational approximation ³⁵⁵/113 to  which is correct to six decimal places. He also proved that 3.1415926 <  < 3.1415927 and determined the precise time of the solstice by measuring the length of the Sun's shadow at noon on days near the solstice.

Tucker

5.6S

88.2E

7

Richard Hawley ~ (1859-1952), American astronomer and educator; the descendent of a legendary family of mariners, he served as an astronomer at Dudley Observatory (Albany, N.Y.) and the Argentine National Observatory (Cordoba). In 1893, he was offered a place on the staff of Lick Observatory (California) to take charge of the Meridian Circle program of determining precise star positions. He was granted a three-year leave to head an expedition to Argentina (1908) in order to obtain accurate observations of star positions in the southern part of the sky for incorporation in the General Catalogue then under preparation at Dudley Observatory. Under Tucker's direction, the expedition set a standard never surpassed for the number of accurate observations in a short time; although the program was planned to require three years, it was completed in 22 months, during which 87,000 precise observations were made of the positions of 15,000 stars. The heaviest load of observing was carried by Tucker, who personally made 20,800 observations. (Source: University of California.)

Turner

1.4S

13.2W

11

Herbert Hall ~ (1861-1930), British astronomer and seismologist; after serving as chief assistant at the Royal Greenwich Observatory for nine years, he spent most of his career as Savilian professor of astronomy at Oxford University. A leader in the worldwide effort to produce an astrographic chart of the sky, he developed improved methods for obtaining both positions and magnitudes from photographic plates. Credited with coining the term parsec. Awarded the Bruce Medal in 1927.

Tycho

43.4S

11.1W

102

Tyge Brahe, Latinized as ~ (1546-1601), Danish astronomer; under the patronage of King Frederick II of Denmark, he built a castle called Uraniborg on the little island of Hveen in the Sont near Copenhagen, the first true astronomical observatory ever constructed. There, Tycho used a quadrant circle to sight the planets and stars. His large, accurate instruments yielded measurements which were accurate to within four minutes of arc. He compiled an extensive table of planetary positions and a star catalogue, and made the most accurate naked eye astronomical measurements of his day. Brahe developed his own "geoheliocentric theory" of planetary motions, in which the Sun orbited the Earth and the other planets orbited the Sun. He hired Kepler (q.v.) as an assistant to analyze the vast bulk of data which had been collected.

Tyndall

34.9S

117.0E

18

John ~ (1820-1893), British physicist; best known for discovering the Tyndall effect , in which a beam of light becomes visible when passing through a colloid.